Effect of selective laser melting parameters on morphology, microstructure, densification and mechanical properties of supersaturated silver alloy

Abstract

Silver, as a precious metal, is widely used in the consumer goods industry and high-tech fields. Selective Laser Melting (SLM), as an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique, has the potential to make complex structural components of Ag alloy but is often limited by the high reflectivity and thermal conductivity of Ag. This study seeks to determine the optimum solution to this limitation by identifying the most suitable laser device, material and parameters for manufacturing Ag alloy through SLM. The effects of laser power, scanning speed and scanning strategy on the morphology, microstructure, density and mechanical properties of Ag alloy are described. It reveals that the density and Vickers hardness of Ag alloy are largely determined by the molten pool size, grain size, residual stress and cooling rate. Results of experiments and theoretical calculations further reveal that the heterogeneity and anisotropy formation of microstructure and defects are related to variations in the cooling rate and thermal gradient caused by the laser scanning strategy. The high scanning speed of the laser and high thermal conductivity of the Ag lead to higher cooling rates, thereby enabling SLM processed Ag alloy to have a density as high as 96.7% and hardness of up to 148.9HV.