Effect of Segregation Band on the Microstructure and Properties of a Wind Power Steel before and after Simulated Welding

Abstract

This article uses scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD) to study the effect of C and Mn segregation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength steel with 20 mm thickness used for wind power before and after simulated welding. A Gleeble-3500 (GTC, Dynamic Systems Inc., Poestenkill, NY, USA) was used to study the microstructure evolution of the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of experimental steel under different welding heat inputs (10, 14, 20, 30 and 50 kJ/cm) and its relationship with low-temperature impact toughness (−60 °C). The results indicate that alloy element segregation, especially Mn segregation, significantly affects the impact toughness scatter of the steel matrix, as it induces the formation of low-temperature martensite or hard phase, such as M/A (martensite/austenite) constituent. In addition, segregation also reduces the low-temperature impact toughness of the simulated welding samples and increases the fluctuation range. For high-strength steel with yield strength higher than 460 MPa used for wind power generation, there is an optimal welding heat input (~20 kJ/cm), which enables the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) to obtain the highest impact toughness due to the formation of lath bainite (LB) and the finest crystallographic block units. Excessive or insufficient heat input can induce the formation of coarse granular bainite (GB) or lath martensite (LM), leading to a larger size of crystallographic block units, reducing the hindering effect of brittle crack propagation and deteriorating low-temperature impact toughness.