Abstract
The present study was initiated to determine whether isolates from soil and roots of soybean plants can express nitrogenase activity when grown in the absence of plant host. The study was conducted to answer the question “can benefit gained by” the interaction between Actinomycetes and Rhizobium symbiosis with legume. Thirty-five isolates identified as Rhizobium and twenty-one Actinomycetes were isolated from the rhizosphere of soybean plants and identified by morphological character, biochemical content identified. Fifty-six isolates were tested for their capabilities of N2fixation and siderophore production. The isolated rhizobacteria were grown in N-free media, and twelve of them showed a good growth on the Burk’s N-free media. Almost all strains produced siderophores; however, the production level was very low, and only the strain AK 10 released considerable amounts of this metabolite. One strain of Actinomycetes was selected to test their interactions with Rhizobium. Coinoculation of Actinomycetes and Rhizobium produced synergic benefits on plant growth and get protection from the production of siderophore.
Highlights
Beneficial interaction effect between Rhizobium symbioses, especially in legumes, has been developed since the late 1800s. e use of microbial inoculants more involved Rhizobium and legume crops
Isolation and Identification of Actinomycetes and Rhizobium. e isolates are traditionally tentatively identified based on morphological criteria including the characteristics of the colonies on a petri dish, the morphology of the substrate and hypa air, spore morphology, and pigment produced [13], and by referring to the Bergey’s manual, [14], fifty isolates were identified (Figure 1) based on the morphological characteristics, which consist of 35 which have similarities in terms of colonies formed, colony color, colony edge, the surface of the colony, the colony growth rate, Gram test, the ability to form hypa air, spore morphology, and pigment produced. e other twenty-one isolates were similar in terms of the form of colonies, the edge of the colony, Gram test, and slime-forming bacteria (Figure 2)
E BLAST analysis was performed for all Actinomycetes. e results showed the confidence of sequencing analysis using the F1 and R5 primers correlating with those from the restriction endonuclease digestion technique used by Cook and Meyers [14]
Summary
Beneficial interaction effect between Rhizobium symbioses, especially in legumes, has been developed since the late 1800s. e use of microbial inoculants more involved Rhizobium and legume crops. Beneficial interaction effect between Rhizobium symbioses, especially in legumes, has been developed since the late 1800s. E use of microbial inoculants more involved Rhizobium and legume crops. Compounds produced by Rhizobium have been well researched and the number of Rhizobium strains that effectively form nodules has been identified. Soybean growth and production can be promoted by improving soil fertility in terms of physical-chemical and biological characterization. In order to achieve such condition, endophytic microorganisms such as Rhizobium and Actinomycetes should be utilized to promote the growth in the production of soybean plants. In the last few years, Actinomycetes have been well known as commercial microorganisms that can produce antibiotics and other useful metabolites
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