Effect of sediment particle size on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioaccessibility and degradation by ultrasound

Abstract

The effect of particle size on sonochemical desorption, degradation and change in bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on contaminated sediments was investigated. Batch experiments were performed with the whole sediment (WS < 850 μm), a large size range fraction (150 μm < LSR < 850 μm), and a small size range fraction (SSR < 150 μm) of the whole sediment. PAH degradation followed pseudo first-order kinetics; PAHs on LSR sediments underwent more rapid degradation than on SSR and WS sediments (νPAH,LSR > νPAH,WS > νPAH,SSR). In addition, a higher sediment slurry concentration resulted in slower degradation of PAHs. Results are consistent with the more rapid particle size reduction of the LSR. More rapid particle size reduction and faster PAH degradation for the LSR fraction combined with analysis of particle velocities in both size ranges indicates that microjets as opposed to particle–particle collisions due to shockwaves are effective in rapid particle size reduction and PAH degradation. Moreover, the bioaccessible fraction (FPAH,fast,t) of sorbed PAHs in both particle size fractions was found to increase with sonication time but was more rapid with the LSR. Likewise, the more tightly bound PAHs, those in the slow desorbing fraction (FPAH,slow,t) of PAHs, decreased faster with sonication of LSR particles compared to SSR particles, consistent with the trend of particle size reduction. Results of this study suggest that ultrasonic treatment is more effective for larger size particle sediments, although sonication is also viable for small sediment sizes.