Abstract
In solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), strontium zirconate (SrZrO3) insulating phase formation between Sr-containing cathode and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte was a long-standing unsolved problem. Though a bilayer strategy with gadolinium doped ceria (GDC), or the use of samarium doped ceria (SDC) as a protective layer have been reported to improve stability and performance, the effectiveness of these processes at preventing secondary phase formation is still open to debate. In this study, focusing on Sc and Ce co-doped ZrO2 (ScCeSZ), we found that nanometer-scale Sc-segregation layers are present at co-sintered GDC/ScCeSZ interfaces. Utilizing atomic-column resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electrochemical measurements, we successfully demonstrate that SOFC cells consisting of Sc-segregated interfaces show a remarkable increment of long-term durability.
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