Effect of Salt Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of African Locust Bean {Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth.} Cell Suspension Culture

Abstract

Salinity is one of the major and increasing abiotic stress. African Locust Bean is a multipurpose tree having a good potentiality and suitability to distribute under Egyptian conditions. This chapter was conducted to investigate the effects of NaCl stress on some physiological and biochemical parameters of Parkia biglobosa cell suspension culture, at the application of NaCl concentration levels of (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 mM) during 18 days. Results showed that the highest percentage of viability and concentration of viable cells/ml observed at treatments 500 mM at 12th day with significant differences than the remaining treatments. NaCl treated cell suspension culture increased Na+ accumulation and declined accumulation of K+, Ca2+, P3+ and N3+, while Na/K ratio increased steadily as a function of external NaCl. Proline content of treated cell suspension at 200 mM reached the highest rate at 18th day with significant difference than the remaining treatments then gradually decreased up to concentration 700 mM recorded the lowest proline content. The variation in protein patterns band induced in all different cultures, especially in callus cells and 600 mM NaCl recorded the most variations than other cultures. NaCl stress enhanced the activity of peroxidase (POX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) isozymes, these two enzymes have 2 forms and they have the maximum enzyme activity at 500 mM NaCl concentration. Total phenols content in different P. biglobosa extraction from the mother plant, callus and salt-stressed suspension cells (0, 500 and 600 mM NaCl) and it,s supernatant were assessed. By using HPLC could separate the phenolic constituents that responsible for P. biglobosa to tolerate salinity such as gallic, caffeic, vanillic, ferulic, p-coumaric and salicylic acids, it is used as a marker for salt tolerance.