Abstract
Membrane distillation was performed for the treatment of humic acid solutions containing sodium chloride and calcium chloride at concentrations typical of those found in natural waters. The experiments were performed with microporous polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. Direct contact membrane distillation experiments were carried out initially for pure water as feed to determine the water vapor permeability of each membrane. Sodium chloride and calcium chloride aqueous feed solutions were then used to determine the permeate flux and solute rejection of the membranes prior to humic acid tests. The effect of the salts concentration was investigated. Compared to the pressure-driven membrane separation processes, higher rejection factors with very low permeate flux decline were observed in direct contact membrane distillation application when humic acid containing salts were considered. These results suggest that membrane distillation is an attractive method for the treatment of humic acid solutions.
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