Abstract
The aim of this study aimed to investigate the effect of salinity levels on physiological and biochemical properties and tuberization yield of potato, cultivar Agria, in MS culture medium. After preparation and cultivation of tuber, the lateral aerial buds were removed after a few months and cultured in MS medium. After that, healthy samples were prepared and induced at the above-mentioned salinity stress level and transferred to the culture medium. Two weeks later, an air sample was taken, and the physiological and biochemical properties studied in this study (photosynthetic pigments, proline, soluble sugars, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes) were measured. Finally, salinity stress assessment was evaluated and studied in a fluid environment. The effects of stress on different stages of seedling growth in vitro conditions and the activity of photosynthetic and enzymatic pigments were investigated using spectrophotometric measurements and in accordance with their protocols. Data analysis of variance showed that salinity reduces photosynthetic pigments and salinity to a concentration of 50 mM, it is resistant to the addition of compounds such as soluble sugars, proline and antioxidant activity but at higher concentrations (75 and 100 mM), the plant is likely to be severely damaged due to excessive growth in active oxygen species. Therefore, due to the increase in antioxidant activity, it indicates an increase in the removal of active oxygen species, this feature is often used as an indicator to increase salinity tolerance. Research on the different ecological conditions in Iran, research is needed on other potato cultivars and molecular studies.
Highlights
The Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the 2000 species of the Solanaceae family and plants such as tobacco, tomato, eggplant and pepper (Hipskind et al, 1996)
The analysis of variance revealed that salinity levels have a significant effect on photosynthetic pigments Figure 1 In general, the salinity has decreased the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids and with increased salinity from 0 mM to 100 mM, the amount of the plant chlorophyll has had a downward trend so that the least chlorophyll content is related to a salinity concentration of 100 mM and the greatest chlorophyll content is related to the control group
In this study and with regard to the results and graphs extracted, it is found that salinity has reduced the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids and it seems that salinity has affected chloroplasts, pigments and carotenoids in the plant sample and has decreased them
Summary
The Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the 2000 species of the Solanaceae family and plants such as tobacco, tomato, eggplant and pepper (Hipskind et al, 1996). Potato is the fourth most important crop in the world after wheat, rice and maize and In Iran, it has occupied the second place in production after wheat (Christie et al, 1994). The area under cultivation of potatoes across the country of Iran has been estimated to be about 162,700 hectares, of which 96.7% are lands under water culture and 3.3% are lands under rain-fed culture (dryland farming) and the production of this crop in the country is equal to 3,430,407 t. Growth and production of plant products have always been influenced by different environmental conditions, such as drought, salinity, lack of food balance and improper temperature. Salinity-induced growth decrease or stoppage is directly related to total soluble salt concentration or soil water osmotic potential (Khorshidi Benam et al, 2002)
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