Abstract
We evaluated the individual and combined effects of salinity and alkalinity on gill Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme activity, plasma ion concentration, and osmotic pressure in Luciobarbus capito. Increasing salinity concentrations (5, 8, 11, and 14 g/L) were associated with an initial increase and then decrease in L. capito gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Activity was affected by the difference between internal and external Na+ ion concentrations and osmotic pressure (P < 0.05). Both plasma ion (Na+, K+, and Cl−) concentration and osmotic pressure increased significantly (P < 0.05). An increase in alkalinity (15, 30, 45, and 60 mM) caused a significant increase in plasma K+ and urea nitrogen concentrations (P < 0.05) but had no effect on either plasma osmotic pressure or gill filament ATPase activity. In the two-factor experiment, the saline-alkaline interaction caused a significant increase in plasma ion (Na+, Cl−, and urea nitrogen) and osmotic pressure (P < 0.05). Variance analysis revealed that salinity, alkalinity, and their interaction significantly affected osmotic pressure, with salinity being most affected, followed by alkalinity, and their interaction. Gill filament ATPase activity increased at first and then decreased; peak values were observed in the orthogonal experiment group at a salinity of 8 g/L and alkalinity of 30 mM.
Highlights
IntroductionIn China, saline-alkaline water is an important territorial resource
In China, saline-alkaline water is an important territorial resource. This resource is primarily located in northwestern plateau lakes, in northeastern plain wetlands, and underground in the northern littoral region in China and has an estimated capacity of 539.8 billion m3 [1]
The distinguishing features of this water resource include high salinity-alkalinity, poor buffering capacity, and ion imbalance. These features are limiting to aquatic animal survival [2]
Summary
In China, saline-alkaline water is an important territorial resource. This resource is primarily located in northwestern plateau lakes, in northeastern plain wetlands, and underground in the northern littoral region in China and has an estimated capacity of 539.8 billion m3 [1]. The distinguishing features of this water resource include high salinity-alkalinity, poor buffering capacity, and ion imbalance. These features are limiting to aquatic animal survival [2]. In 2003, China introduced the salt-tolerant fish Luciobarbus capito from the Aral Sea in Uzbekistan. This Cyprinidae (Barbinae, Barbus genus) is found primarily in the Aral Sea but migrates into the rivers to spawn. In addition to its high salt tolerance, it has a varied diet, has fast growth rate, produces meat that has desirable traits, and is economically important for the region [8]
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