Abstract
Bone-related complications are among the highest concerning metabolic diseases in the modern world. Bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture increase with age and diseases like osteoporosis. Elevated adipogenesis in bone results in osteoporosis and loss of bone mass when coupled with lack of osteoblastogenesis. In this study the potential effect of Salicornia herbacea extract against osteoporotic conditions was evaluated. Adipogenesis inhibitory effect of S. herbacea has been evidenced by decreased lipid accumulation of differentiating cells and expression levels of crucial adipogenesis markers in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. S. herbacea treatment reduced the lipid accumulation by 25% of the control. In addition, mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)1c were inhibited by the presence of S. herbacea. Bone formation enhancement effect of S. herbacea was also confirmed in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. The presence of S. herbacea significantly elevated the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity by 120% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL in differentiating osteoblasts. S. herbacea also significantly increased the expression of osteoblastogenesis indicators, ALP, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, osteocalcin and collagen type I (collagen-I). In conclusion, S. herbacea possess potential to be utilized as a source of anti-osteoporotic agent that can inhibit adipogenesis while promoting osteoblastogenesis.
Highlights
Natural sources that can be used for the treatment or prevention of diseases have been of much interest during the past decades
We examined the ability of S. herbacea to relieve osteoporosis conditions with a regulatory mechanism towards adipogenesis/osteoblastogenesis imbalance
Salicornia herbacea was extracted and experimented with, in order to evaluate its ability as a potential bioactive agent against osteoporosis
Summary
Natural sources that can be used for the treatment or prevention of diseases have been of much interest during the past decades. In this context, extracts and compounds from plants are among the main targets of studies [1,2]. Plant extracts and compounds have been intensely studied in order to fully understand their action mechanism against common complications such as oxidative stress and inflammation [4,5,6], as well as diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates including diabetes, cancer, obesity and AIDS [7,8,9].
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