Effect of rumen degradable protein with or without fermentable carbohydrate supplementation on blood metabolites and embryo survival in cattle

Abstract

AbstractHigh intakes of dietary protein, particularly rumen degradable protein (RDP), lead to elevations in systemic concentrations of ammonia and (or) urea and these may be increased further if associated with inadequate fermentable energy intake. High systemic concentrations of ammonia and urea have been associated with reduced reproductive performance in cattle. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of RDP and fermentable energy intake on a range of blood metabolites and on embryo survival in heifers. Oestrous synchronized, nulliparous beef heifers (no. = 162) were randomly assigned in a 2 ✕ 2 factorial designed experiment to two levels of RDP and two levels of fermentable energy. Grass silage-based diets were supplemented with either 0 (0U) or 240 (240U) g dietary urea (460 g/kg N) and these in turn with either 0 (0P) or 3 (3P) kg dry matter of molassed sugar-beet pulp pellets (MSBP) per day. The four treatments were, therefore, (1) 0U + 0P (no. = 43), (2) 0U + 3P (no. = 44), (3) 240U + 0P (no. = 40) (4) 240U + 3P (no. = 35), respectively. Systemic concentrations of ammonia, urea, insulin, glucose and progesterone were measured. Heifers were given artificial insemination (AI) and embryo survival measured by ultrasonography at 30 and again at 40 days after AI. Systemic ammonia and urea were elevated (P < 0·001) in the animals given the high RDP diets. Supplementation with MSBP reduced systemic urea in the heifers on both high and low RDP diets. Plasma ammonia concentrations were not affected by MSBP supplementation (P > 0·05). Plasma glucose was not affected by urea or MSBP treatment (P > 0·05) but was affected by day and time of sampling (P > 0·05). Plasma concentration of insulin was not affected by urea or MSBP supplementation or by day or time of sampling (P > 0·05). Plasma concentration of progesterone was not affected by diet or time of sampling (P > 0·05). The overall embryo survival rate was 62% and was not affected by dietary urea or fermentable carbohydrate or by systemic concentrations of ammonia, urea, glucose, insulin or progesterone (P > 0·05).