Effect of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine on Uterine Blood Flow in Pregnant Ewes

Abstract

The effects of ropivacaine, a new amide local anesthetic, on uterine blood flow and fetal well-being were compared with those of bupivacaine in 10 chronically instrumented pregnant ewes. In random sequence, animals received two intravenous infusions of each drug. The low infusion rate regimens were chosen to result in clinically relevant maternal plasma concentrations of local anesthetics, whereas the more rapid rates of infusions were given to assess the safety of higher maternal drug concentrations. An epinephrine infusion was given to demonstrate the appropriateness of the animal model for the measurement of uterine blood flow. Maternal and fetal heart rates, arterial blood pressure, and the ewe's central venous pressure, intraamniotic pressure, and uterine blood flow were recorded continuously. Arterial blood samples were taken from mother and fetus at frequent intervals to determine acid-base status and local anesthetic concentrations. A total of 39 studies were performed. None of the infusions of either local anesthetic resulted in a significant decrease in uterine blood flow or deterioration in fetal condition. The mean maternal plasma concentrations at the end of infusions were as follows: ropivacaine low dose, 1.60 +/- 0.35 micrograms/mL; bupivacaine low dose, 1.55 +/- 0.15 micrograms/mL; ropivacaine high dose, 2.50 +/- 0.37 micrograms/mL; and bupivacaine high dose, 1.83 +/- 0.19 micrograms/mL. Epinephrine infusion resulted in a 25% decrease in uterine blood flow without adverse fetal effects. We conclude that neither ropivacaine nor bupivacaine, as administered in this study, led to any ill effects on uterine artery blood flow or fetal well-being.