Abstract

This study investigates the influence of Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of ballast rock cores and the Bedding Modulus of Under Sleeper Pads (USP-BM) on railway track deterioration, investigating key factors such as settlement and aggregate fragmentation through Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations. These simulations encompass three scenarios representing different types of ballast aggregates: without a pad, with a soft pad, and with a hard pad, with rock cores categorized by UCS values into soft (159 MPa), medium (210 MPa), and hard (285 MPa) classes. The model involves cyclic loading of a sleeper section embedded in ballast, subject to fluctuating vertical loads between 3 and 43 kN at a frequency of 3 Hz, with a total of 15 load cycles applied to emulate real-world conditions, and its accuracy is confirmed through experimental validation. The study concludes that a soft USP is most effective in mitigating ballast settlement and breakage, highlighting the pivotal role of UCS values of ballast rock cores in the management of track deterioration.

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