Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been found to be beneficial to plant growth, yield, crop quality, the environment, and sustainable agricultural production. Therefore, six bacterial strains were tested to determine their effects on raspberry's nutrient content and organic and amino acid composition. The experiment was performed from 2015 to 2017. Two-year-old raspberry plants were inoculated with bacterial suspensions by a dipping method and were planted in 30-L pots. The mineral content and organic acid and amino acid composition of the leaf and root were compared in the Alcaligenes 637Ca, Staphylococcus MFDCa1 and MFDCa2, Agrobacterium A18, Pantoea FF1, and Bacillus M3 bacterial strains. Nitrogen (N) content of the leaf was 2.55% in the A18 treatment, while N content of the root was 1.61% in MFDCa2. The leaf's iron (Fe) content was highest in the M3 treatment with 91.76 mg kg-1, while 637Ca gave the highest root's Fe content with 107.80 mg kg-1. The content of malonic acid (16.78 ng µL-1), malic acid (4.59 ng µL-1), citric acid (16.88 ng µL-1), and fumaric acid (4.94 ng µL-1) in leaves was higher in MFDCa2 than in the other treatments. In addition, 637Ca treatment had the highest root organic acid content in tartaric acid (5.94 ng µL-1), butyric acid (15.19 ng µL-1), and maleic acid (5.13 ng µL-1). FF1 treatment was more effective than the other treatments for increasing the leaf?s amino acid content, while the 637Ca, MFDCa1 FF1, and M3 treatments were more effective in increasing the root?s amino acid content. As a result, it was determined that PGPR treatments play a significant role in mineral nutrient uptake and the organic acid and amino acid composition of the raspberry plant.
Highlights
Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), a type of berry, is a member of the genus Rubus of the family Rosaceae
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on raspberry plant nutrient content and organic and amino acid composition
The 637Ca treatments showed the best results among bacterial strains based on the leaf and root nutrient content
Summary
Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), a type of berry, is a member of the genus Rubus of the family Rosaceae. Raspberries are grown widely around the world except in desert areas. Raspberries originated in the Black Sea region of Turkey. They grow naturally in the region with high relative humidity and can usually be found at 1000 m or more above sea level (Jennings, 1988). The world raspberry production is approximately 613,000 t. The Russian Federation is the largest raspberry producer, followed by Poland, the USA, Serbia, and Mexico. Raspberry production in Turkey was 4320 t in 2016. The world’s highest yield per hectare of raspberry was obtained from Mexico with 15,200 kg, while raspberry yield per hectare in Turkey was 8850 kg (FAO, 2017). High yield and quality can be achieved by intensive agricultural techniques and practices. The intensive farming practices require the use of chemical fertilizers and agricultural mechanization. Fertilization is costly and causes environmental problems such as water pollution, soil
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