Abstract
The regular equilateral triangular periodic firing pattern of grid cells in the entorhinal cortex is considered a regular metric for the spatial world, and the grid-like representation correlates with hexadirectional modulation of theta (4–8 Hz) power in the entorhinal cortex relative to the moving direction. However, researchers have not clearly determined whether grid cells provide only simple spatial measures in human behavior-related navigation strategies or include other factors such as goal rewards to encode information in multiple patterns. By analysing the hexadirectional modulation of EEG signals in the theta band in the entorhinal cortex of patients with epilepsy performing spatial target navigation tasks, we found that this modulation presents a grid pattern that carries target-related reward information. This grid-like representation is influenced by explicit goals and is related to the local characteristics of the environment. This study provides evidence that human grid cell population activity is influenced by reward information at the level of neural oscillations.
Highlights
The regular equilateral triangular periodic firing pattern of grid cells in the entorhinal cortex is considered a regular metric for the spatial world, and the grid-like representation correlates with hexadirectional modulation of theta (4–8 Hz) power in the entorhinal cortex relative to the moving direction
Research on changes in the human grid pattern is often limited to noninvasive functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements, and the signal from the entorhinal cortex in the limbic system where grid cells are located is difficult to record
Based on previous studies showing that the hexadirectional modulation of theta power reflects the neural characterization of grid cells from the level of mesoscopic oscillations, we provide additional evidence that human grid patterns are altered by nonspatial information
Summary
During the initial learning phase at the start of the experiment, patients were asked to remember the locations of eight different everyday objects. They used the arrow keys (left, right, and forward) on the laptop keyboard to navigate to the location of the relevant object. The actual reward received by the participants after completing the experiment will be given according to the behavior score, which means that the participants used the cartoon face as a cue to determine how much reward they would receive. The mean value of drop error of each object in all trials he meets in the experiment can be obtained. Consistent with a previous study[15], all data
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