Abstract
Tectona grandis leaf extracts obtained at pilot scale processes (ultrasound-assisted extraction, cross-flow microfiltration, reverse osmosis concentration) contains phenolic compounds that exhibit antioxidant properties. The final reverse osmosis concentrate extract presented higher content of polyphenol (21,080±117μmolg−1 GAE) and antioxidant capacity (8490±29μmolg−1 TE) comparatively to crude extract (1300±12μmolg−1 GAE for polyphenol and 430±2μmolg−1 TE for antioxidant activity) or cross flow microfiltration extract (1170±10μmolg−1 GAE for polyphenol and 400±10μmolg−1 TE for antioxidant). The concentration factors of polyphenol and antioxidant capacity were 18 and 21, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) detection negative ion mode has been used to identify and characterized polyphenols in the concentrate extract of T. grandis leaves. Seven phenolic acids and flavonoids were characterized. Verbascoside (phenolic acid) was described as the most abundant phenolic compounds in this concentrate extract. Two drying technologies (freeze-drying and spray-drying) were used to obtained stable powder from concentrate extract. The effect of these drying technologies on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were studied. Freeze-drying presented a good recovery of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. This drying technology could be used for preservation of T. grandis extract.
Highlights
Tectona grandis L. (Verbenaceae), commonly named teak is used in folk medicine for a wide variety of remedies (Aradhana et al, 2010; Tra Bi et al, 2008)
The ultrasound-assisted extract of T. grandis leaves obtained in pilot scale was clarified by cross flow microfiltration (CFM) and concentrated by reverse osmosis (RO)
The amounts of polyphenols and antioxidants were higher in RO concentrate extract than crude extract or Cross-flow microfiltration (CFM) extract
Summary
Tectona grandis L. (Verbenaceae), commonly named teak is used in folk medicine for a wide variety of remedies (Aradhana et al, 2010; Tra Bi et al, 2008). Previous studies revealed the presence of phenolic compounds on the extracts of T. grandis leaves such flavonoids and phenolic acids (Naira and Karvekar, 2010; Shukla et al, 2010). Polyphenols are of a great interest due to their beneficial effect for human health: prevention and treatment of certain cancers, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases (Pandey and Rizvi, 2009). They have often been identified as active principles of numerous folk herbal medicines (Apak et al, 2007)
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