Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate clinical trial data regarding the effect of resveratrol supplementation on cognitive performance and mood in populations that are healthy and in the clinical setting. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic literature review of randomized controlled trials was conducted. A meta-analysis was also conducted to determine treatment effect on the following cognitive domains and mental processes: processing speed, number facility, memory, and mood. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. Quality of the body of evidence was assessed by evidence for each outcome related to cognitive function for which data was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Ten studies were included. Three studies found resveratrol supplementation significantly improved some measures of cognitive performance, 2 reported mixed findings, and 5 found no effect. When data were pooled, resveratrol supplementation had a significant effect on delayed recognition (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08-0.70; I2 = 0%; P = 0.01; n = 3 studies; n = 166 participants) and negative mood (SMD, -0.18; 95%CI, -0.31 to -0.05; I2 = 0%; P = 0.006; n = 3 studies; n = 163 participants). Included studies generally had low risk of bias and were of moderate or high quality. The results of this review indicate that resveratrol supplementation might improve select measures of cognitive performance; however, the current literature is inconsistent and limited.
Highlights
Age-related cognitive decline, characterised by reduced functioning in mental processes such as attention regulation, memory capacity, and processing speed,[1] can pose a substantial burden to the individual as it is associated with reduced functional independence and quality of life.[2,3] The societal impact of age-related cognitive decline is likely to be compounded by the global ageing population, with a predicted doubling in the number of persons aged 60 or older by 2050.4 While age-related cognitive decline is an inevitable part of ageing, there are large inter-individual differences in the rate of decline that are attributed to modifiable lifestyle factors such as exercise, body mass index, and dietary patterns.[5]
Observational studies have reported polyphenol intake and adherence to polyphenol rich dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet to be associated with improved measures of cognitive performance.[11,12]
Meta-analysis showed no significant effect of resveratrol supplementation on serials correct (SMD -0.17 [95% CI -0.38, 0.05]; I2=0%; p=0.12; n=3 studies; n=86 participants) or serials incorrect (SMD 0.04 [95% CI -0.21, 0.28]; I2=25%; p=0.78; n=3 studies; n=86 participants)
Summary
Age-related cognitive decline, characterised by reduced functioning in mental processes such as attention regulation, memory capacity, and processing speed,[1] can pose a substantial burden to the individual as it is associated with reduced functional independence and quality of life.[2,3] The societal impact of age-related cognitive decline is likely to be compounded by the global ageing population, with a predicted doubling in the number of persons aged 60 or older by 2050.4 While age-related cognitive decline is an inevitable part of ageing, there are large inter-individual differences in the rate of decline that are attributed to modifiable lifestyle factors such as exercise, body mass index, and dietary patterns.[5]. Dietary polyphenols have been investigated for their potentially beneficial effect on cognitive performance.[8,9,10,11] Observational studies have reported polyphenol intake and adherence to polyphenol rich dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet to be associated with improved measures of cognitive performance.[11,12] Several polyphenol-rich foods including various berries, green tea, and cacao have demonstrated improved measures of cognitive performance in clinical trials.[13]
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