Abstract

Free machining steels are specially designed to offer good results in machiningoperations by reducing the coefficient of friction with the tool. In general,these steels must meet tight specifications for other characteristics, suchas mechanical strength, fatigue strength and wear resistance, among others.Therefore, the main alloying elements of which they are composed are destinedto improve their machinability. These materials are usually low carbon steelswith strong additions of S, Mn, Pb, P, etc. Because they are usually manufacturedwith recyclable materials, their compositions always contain elements suchas Cr, Ni, Cu and Mo, which are considered residual elements. The presentpaper reports on an investigation of the influence of slight variations inCu, Ni and Cr content on the machinability of leaded low carbon free machiningsteels based on the methodology described by the Volvo STD 1018-712 standard.The method is based on tool life tests of high speed steel single cuttingtools applied in special conditions to the face milling process. The statisticalanalysis of the data was performed by analysis of variance and hypothesistesting. The results of the experiments demonstrated that residual chemicalelements influence the machinability of SAE 12L14 steel.

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