Effect of Repair of Radial Tears at the Root of the Posterior Horn of the Medial Meniscus With the Pullout Suture Technique: A Biomechanical Study Using Porcine Knees

Abstract

Our purpose was to evaluate the result of radial tears at the root of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus (PHMM) in terms of tibiofemoral contact mechanics and the effectiveness of pullout sutures for such tears. Eleven mature pig knees each underwent 15 different testing conditions with an intact, simulated (incised) radial tear at the root of the PHMM and placement of pullout sutures in the radial tears of the medial meniscus at 5 different angles of flexion (0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees ) under a 1,500-N axial load. A K-Scan pressure sensor (Tekscan, Boston, MA) was used to measure medial tibiofemoral contact area and peak tibiofemoral contact pressure. Data were analyzed to assess the difference in medial contact area and tibiofemoral peak contact pressure among the 3 meniscal conditions at various degrees of knee flexion. The mean contact area was significantly lower, and the peak tibiofemoral contact pressure was significantly high in knees with simulated radial tears at all angles of knee flexion compared with knees with intact menisci (P < .0001). The peak tibiofemoral contact pressure after the pullout suture technique was significantly high at 0 degrees and 15 degrees of flexion (P < .0001) compared with intact knee specimens. Failure of sutures occurred in 45% of the specimens at 0 degrees of flexion. Radial tears at the root of the PHMM in a porcine model significantly increased medial tibiofemoral contact pressure and decreased contact area. Although repair of tears of the PHMM with the pullout suture technique aids in significantly reducing tibiofemoral peak contact pressure between 30 degrees and 90 degrees , it remains significantly high at 0 degrees and 15 degrees of flexion. Pullout sutures for radial tears at the root of the PHMM may lead to an increase in peak medial tibiofemoral contact pressure and may be prone to mechanical failure, especially during the stance (loading) phase of gait (mean, 15 degrees of flexion).