Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether dentin remineralization and micro-tensile bond strength increase when using calcium phosphate ion clusters (CPICs) or metastable Ca-P. After being etched, each dentin specimen was designated into four groups and treated with the appropriate solution for 1 min: 100% ethanol, 2 and 1 mg/mL of CPICs, and metastable Ca-P. The specimens were then prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscropy (TEM) imaging, a matrix metalloproteinases inhibition assay, and the micro-tensile bond strength test. To compare among the groups, one-way analysis of variance was performed. In the SEM imaging, with a rising concentration of CPICs, the degree of remineralization of dentin increased significantly. The metastable Ca-P treated specimens showed a similar level of remineralization as the 1 mg/mL CPICs treated specimens. The TEM imaging also revealed that dentin remineralization occurs in a CPICs concentration-dependent manner between the demineralized dentin and the resin layer. Furthermore, the results of micro-tensile bond strength showed the same trend as the results confirmed by SEM and TEM. We demonstrated that a 1 min pretreatment of CPICs or metastable Ca-P in etched dentin collagen fibril can achieve biomimetic remineralization and increase micro-tensile bond strength.
Highlights
The management of demineralized tooth surface is an important issue in dental practice
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Field-Emission Transmission Electron Microscopy (FETEM) images were used to determine the ability of the two types of calcium phosphate containing solutions to induce remineralization in dentin
After the 1 min treatment in the calcium phosphate containing calcium phosphate ion clusters (CPICs) and metastable Ca-P solutions, remineralized dentin was confirmed with the presence of numerous calcium phosphate minerals on the etched dentin surface, compared to the control, and remineralization was found on the dentin surface, and in the intertubular dentin collagen fibrils (Figure 1B–D)
Summary
The management of demineralized tooth surface is an important issue in dental practice. Wang J. et al introduced the remineralization protocol of dentin collagen by a meta-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) solution [5]. They concluded that ACP played a role in bio-mineralization for the demineralized dental tissues. A few nanometer-sized CPICs can form the building blocks of ACP [7]. From these biological strategies, they showed that a bottom-up biomimetic remineralization delivery system could help the mineral-free, resin-infiltrated collagen matrices to be remineralized, and suggested the clinical translation of bio-remineralization approach for remineralizing thick layers of carries affected dentin [8]
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