Effect of Religious Practices of Ramadan on Sleep and Perceived Sleepiness of Medical Students

Abstract

Background: Observant Muslims substantially alter their normal routines, including daytime fasting and day-night activity patterns during the month of Ramadan. Purpose: It is unknown whether observing the religious practices of Ramadan impacts negatively on daytime somnolence, a factor known to impair learning. Methods: A cross-sectional survey measuring self-reported sleep time and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale of observant Muslim medical students before, during, and after Ramadan. Results: There was no significant variation in sleep score pre-Ramadan (10.04 ± 3.47), during Ramadan (10.46 ± 3.57), and post Ramadan (9.73 ± 3.33), F(2, 355) = 1.278, p =. 280. Night sleep hours were significantly longer both before (6.22 ± 1.45) and after (6.22 ± 1.59) than during Ramadan (5.22 ± 1.85), F(2, 366) = 15.289, p <. 001. Daytime sleep hours pre-Ramadan (1.05 ± 1.36) and post Ramadan (0.70 ± 1.21) were significantly shorter than during Ramadan (1.48 ± 1.46; pre: z = 2.654, p =. 08; post: z = -4.940, p <. 001). Conclusion: Students successfully adapt and avoid a rise in daytime somnolence by increasing daytime sleep hours during Ramadan.