Effect of red wine or its polyphenols on induced apical periodontitis in rats

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of red wine consumption or its polyphenols on the inflammation/resorption processes associated with apical periodontitis in rats. Thirty-two three-month-old Wistar rats had apical periodontitis induced in four first molars and were then arranged into four groups: control (C)-rats with apical periodontitis; wine (W)-rats with apical periodontitis receiving 4.28ml/kg of red wine; resveratrol+quercetin (R+Q)-rats with apical periodontitis receiving 4.28ml/kg of a solution containing 1.00mg/L of quercetin and 0.86mg/L of resveratrol and alcohol (ALC)-rats with apical periodontitis receiving the alcoholic dose contained in the wine. The oral gavage treatments were administered daily, from day 0 to day 45. On the 15th day, apical periodontitis was induced, and on the 45th day, the animals were euthanized. Histological, immunohistochemical (RANKL, OPG, TRAP, IL-10, TNF-⍺ and IL-1β) and micro-computed tomography for bone resorption analysis were performed in the jaws. The Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's test was performed for nonparametric data, and the anova with Tukey's test for parametric data, p<.05. The median score of the inflammatory process was significantly lower in the R+Q group (1) compared to the C (2) (p=.0305) and ALC (3) (p=.0003) groups, and not different from the W (1.5) group. The immunolabeling for OPG was significantly higher in the R+Q group (p=.0054) compared to all groups; the same was observed for IL-10 (p=.0185), different from groups C and ALC. The R+Q group had the lowest TRAP cell count (p<.0001), followed by the W group, both inferior to C and ALC groups. The lowest bone resorption value was in the R+Q group (0.50mm3 ±0.21mm3 ), significantly lower (p=.0292) than the C group (0.88mm3 ±0.10mm3 ). The W group (0.60mm3 ±0.25mm3 ) and R+Q group had less bone resorption compared to the ALC group (0.97mm3 ±0.22mm3 ), p=.0297 and p=.0042, respectively. Red wine administration to rats for 15days before induction of apical periodontitis decreased inflammation, TRAP marking and periapical bone resorption compared to alcohol. Resveratrol-quercetin administration reduced the inflammatory process in apical periodontitis, periapical bone resorption, and altered the OPG, IL-10 and TRAP expression compared to C and ALC groups.