Abstract
Background: Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is a growth factor and an anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in memory. In this study, we examined the effect of recombinant IGF-2 on memory impairment due to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Avoidance and recognition memory, locomotor activity, neurological deficit score (NDS), and the level of the IGF-2 gene expression were evaluated. Materials and Methods: To induce ICH, 100 μL of autologous blood was injected into the left hippocampus of male Sprague Dawley rats. Recombinant IGF-2 was injected into the damaged hippocampus 30 minutes after the induction of ICH. Then, over two weeks, NDS, locomotor activity, passive avoidance, and novel object recognition (NOR) test were evaluated. Finally, the level of IGF-2 gene expression was evaluated by using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Result: Our results indicated that recombinant IGF-2 injection significantly increased step-through latency (P<0.001) and total time spent in the dark box (P<0.01). However, no significant difference was seen in recognition memory and NDS. Locomotor activity did not significantly change in any group. A significantly reduced level of IGF-2 was observed after two weeks (P<0.05). Conclusion:The results of this study show that a single dose of recombinant IGF-2 injection can influence hippocampus-dependent memories. Importantly, IGF-2 did not change locomotor activity and NDS after two weeks, which probably represents its specific function in memory.[GMJ.2018;7:e1353]
Highlights
Memory impairment is a debilitating factor in many diseases such as stroke, trauma, neuroinflammatory, and neurodegeneration diseases; it is time-consuming and costly to treat in today’s society [1]
We examined the effect of recombinant Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) on memory impairment due to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)
IGF-2 Effects on Passive Avoidance Learning Based on the passive avoidance test results, 1 or 2 ft shocks made the rats in all groups to learn the avoidance task
Summary
Memory impairment is a debilitating factor in many diseases such as stroke, trauma, neuroinflammatory, and neurodegeneration diseases; it is time-consuming and costly to treat in today’s society [1]. CREB activates transcription-targeted genes that play a role in memory enhancement [7,8,9] The activation of these genes leads to increased learning and expression of growth factors and anti-inflammatory factors, such as insulin-like growth factors, in the hippocampus [10]. In studies conducted by Alberini et al on healthy mice showed that injecting IGF2 could activate the CREB pathway and improve memory. Prior to these studies, it was thought that IGF-2 was most important as a growth factor in evolution. Our hypothesis in this study is that the injection of exogenous IGF-2 into the hippocampus after brain injury following ICH is effective in memory consolidation and retention.
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