Effect of Rearing System on the Straight and Branched Fatty Acids of Goat Milk and Meat of Suckling Kids

Guillermo Ripoll,Begoña Panea,María De Guía Córdoba,María Jesús Alcalde,Anastasio Argüello

doi:10.3390/foods9040471

Abstract

Goat meat is considered healthy because it has fewer calories and fat than meat from other traditional meat species. It is also rich in branched chain fatty acids that have health advantages when consumed. We studied the effects of maternal milk and milk replacers fed to suckling kids of four breeds on the straight and branched fatty acid compositions of their muscle. In addition, the proximal and fatty acid compositions of colostrum and milk were studied. Goat colostrum had more protein and fat and less lactose than milk. Goat milk is an important source of healthy fatty acids such as C18:1 c9 and C18:2 n–6. Suckling kid meat was also an important source of C18:1c9. Dairy goat breeds had higher percentages of trans monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and most of the C18:1 isomers but lower amounts of total MUFAs than meat breeds. However, these dairy kids had meat with a lower percentage of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) than meat kids. The meat of kids fed natural milk had higher amounts of CLA and branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and lower amounts of n–6 fatty acids than kids fed milk replacers. Both milk and meat are a source of linoleic, α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic fatty acids, which are essential fatty acids and healthy long-chain fatty acids.

Highlights

119,000 tons of caprine meat were produced in Europe in 2017 [1]
The milk fat and lactose percentages were affected by the interaction between breed and time
Current results for the proximate composition of colostrum are in accordance with those reported in the Majorera breed, with values of protein ranging from 7%–10%, fat ranging from 8%–9% and lactose ranging from 2%–4% [34,35]

Summary

Introduction

119,000 tons of caprine meat were produced in Europe in 2017 [1]. Mediterranean goat farms are mainly focused on dairy production, including cheese and milk products, because they have higher prices than cow milk [2]. Most income per goat on the dairy farm comes from the sale of milk, 20% of the total income comes from the sale of kids [4]. These kids are weaned very early and reared with milk replacers. These milk replacers are formulated for kids, resulting in good daily weight gain. This meat is perceived by consumers to be high-quality meat, with most kids being slaughtered at the very light carcass weight of 5–7 kg [5].

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Discussion

Conclusion