Effect of rare earths on acidity of high-silica ultrastable REY zeolites and catalytic performance of NiMo/REY+Al2O3 catalysts in vacuum gas oil hydrocracking

Abstract

A series of low-sodium ultrastable Y zeolites (SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ≈ 25) partially exchanged with different amounts of rare earth ions (RE 2 O 3 = 0.55–3.32 wt%) was prepared and characterized by XRD, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, N 2 adsorption, as well as 29 Si and 27 Al NMR. The effect of RE content on the number and relative strength of acid sites of REY zeolites was studied by IR spectroscopy of absorbed CO and pyridine. The increase in the RE content in the zeolites leads to a decrease in the concentration of strong Brønsted acid sites (BAS) in faujasite cages (bridged Si–O(H)–Al groups), especially the concentration of stronger BAS associated with Si–O(H)–Al groups polarized by extra-framework aluminum species. At the same time, the concentration of less acidic OH groups connected with extra-framework ions increases possibly due to the formation of additional RE–O(H)–Al groups. The total number of BAS in all the samples remains close. An increase in the RE 2 O 3 content from 0.55 to 3.32 wt% decreases almost by half the ratio of strong BAS in faujasite cages to less acidic extra-framework BAS. The catalytic performance of NiMo/(30 wt% REY + 70 wt% Al 2 O 3 ) catalysts was evaluated in hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil. The enhanced hydrocracking activity and selectivity to middle distillates are mainly achieved due to the optimal acidity of the zeolites. • Synthesis of USY zeolites (Si/Al≈12.5) exchanged with different amount of RE ions. • Strong BAS/less acidic extraframework BAS ratio decreases with RE content increase. • Stronger BAS (Si–O(H)–Al groups polarized by EFAL species) are exchanged first. • Additional BAS are associated with the formation of RE–O(H)–Al groups in supercages. • NiMo/REY + Al 2 O 3 with optimal acidity exhibits improved hydrocracking performance.