Effect of RAP fractionation and dosage on design and mechanical behaviour of cold asphalt mixes

Abstract

This study examines the effect of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material dosage and incorporation method on the mechanical characteristics of Cold Asphalt Mix (CAM). The RAP materials were fractionated into fine and coarse in addition to the unfractionated method. Four levels of RAP dosage (25, 50, 75, and 100%) were considered for each category. The mix design parameters, such as total fluid and emulsion content, were evaluated using the Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) test. Overall, 455 specimens were prepared for mix design. The Optimum Emulsion Content (OEC) is the design emulsion content determined at peak value of ITS test. ITS, Indirect Tensile Stiffness Modulus (ITSM), and moisture susceptibility tests were conducted. Incorporating RAP in CAM increased the average tensile strength predominantly by 34% in coarse mixes, 28% in unfractionated, and < 10% in fine mixes. The average ITSM of the mixture increased by 30%, 60%, and 80% for fine, coarse, and unfractionated RAP. Further, emulsion demand was reduced by 53%, 43%, and 79% for fine, coarse, and unfractionated RAP, which showed that the RAP incorporation method profoundly influenced OEC. However, regardless of fractionation, CAM mixes showed lower cracking resistance and higher moisture susceptibility with increased RAP dosage. Two different conditioning protocols were used to capture the variation in moisture susceptibility for all 13 mix combinations. Coarse and unfractionated RAP mixes significantly differed in ITS, moisture susceptibility, cracking tolerance index, and ITSM. VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) approach was selected to rank the outperforming combination. The overall ranking of RAP incorporation showed that the coarse RAP mixes outperformed fine and unfractionated RAP mix characteristics. The study recommends restricting RAP usage by up to 75% to ensure the required performance of CAM mixtures.