Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid involved in the remethylation and transulfuration metabolic pathways (1). Genetic mutations and the deficiency in nutrients and micronutrients may disrupt Hcy metabolism and result in elevated serum levels. Furthermore, total Hcy (tHcy) levels may be determined by demographics, lifestyle, and state of health factors (1–4). Although tHcy levels are reported to be lower in premenopausal women compared with postmenopausal women (5), there is no consensus on whether they increase after menopause (5, 6). Furthermore, it is unclear whether the menopause-associated increase is related to age (2, 7) or to estrogen depletion (2, 5). In a previous study, we reported that the increase in tHcy levels among postmenopausal women appears to be age related (7).
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