Effect of pyrolysis operating conditions on the biomass shrinkage process of leaf waste and the formation of oxygenate and non-oxygenate compound products in bio-oil using ZSM-5 and YSZ catalysts

Abstract

Leaf waste can be converted into more useful products by using several processes, one of which is using a pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis process can be carried out by requiring several parameters, namely raw material, temperature, residence time, and also the rate of heating. In the pyrolysis, biomass undergoes a shrinkage process. In this study, the variables used are temperature, gas flow rate, and catalyst combination ratio with the aim of seeing the relationship of these variables with the shrinkage process and the resulting pyrolysis product. The pyrolysis process produces products in the form of liquid, gas, and solid products. The liquid product formed was analyzed using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) tool and it was found that the liquid product contained oxygenate and non-oxygenate in it. Oxygenate and non-oxygenate content in liquid products is increased by using ZSM-5 catalysts (Zeolite Socony Mobil-5) and YSZ (Yttria Stabilized Zirconia). ZSM-5 serves as an acid catalyst that can increase the hydrocarbon content and YSZ serves to increase the production of non-oxygenate in the resulting bio-oil product. Distribution products produced by catalytic processes have a more diverse distribution of products. The addition of catalysts also reduced the activation energy used by 5.41%.