Effect of psychoactive substances on cardiac and locomotory activity of juvenile marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis

Abstract

Pharmaceutically active compounds are common and increasing in the aquatic environment. Evidence suggests they have adverse effects on non-target organisms, and they are classified as emerging pollutants for a variety of aquatic organisms. To determine the effects of environmentally relevant levels of psychoactive compounds on non-target organisms, we analyzed cardiac and locomotory activity in early developmental stages of marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis. Responses to sertraline, methamphetamine, and a mixture of citalopram, oxazepam, sertraline, tramadol, venlafaxine, and methamphetamine at a concentration of 1 µg L-1 of each compound were assessed. On day four of exposure, cardiac activity was recorded for 5 min, and on day eight, locomotory activity was recorded for 15 min. There was a significant increase (p < 0.01) in heart rate in methamphetamine-exposed and Mix-exposed juveniles compared to the unexposed control and there was significant difference (p < 0.01) in proportion of time (activity %) was observed with sertraline-exposed, whereas velocity, and distance moved did not significantly differ (p > 0.05) in exposed and control animals. These findings revealed that low concentrations of chemicals and their mixtures can modify the physiological state of aquatic animals without outward manifestations (activity, distance moved, and velocity). Aquatic animals can be impacted earlier than is visible, but effects can potentially lead to substantial changes in populations and in ecosystem processes. Additional research to investigate chemical combinations, exposure systems, and organism physiological and molecular responses may provide evidence of broad impact of environmental pharmaceuticals.