Effect of prostaglandin E2 on urokinase‐type plasminogen activator production by human lung fibroblasts

Abstract

Human lung fibroblasts are components of stromal tissue and produce various proteins as occasion demands, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) components and proteases. Pulmonary tumour cells produce high levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which regulates tumour growth and metastasis. Urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) is essential in the degradation of peritumour ECM. Furthermore, uPA is an important protease believed responsible for several tumour characteristics through its activation of certain proteases and growth factors. We hypothesized that the PGE2 overexpression from tumour cells would have some effect on uPA expression in lung fibroblasts. In this study, the influence of PGE2 on uPA expression in human lung fibroblasts was investigated using two lines of such fibroblasts. Although the cell surface uPA level was comparable to that of PGE2 untreated cells, the expression of uPA mRNA and production was increased by the addition of PGE2 in both lines of fibroblasts. These fibroblasts expressed both the EP2 and EP4 PGE2 receptor mRNAs. Pretreatment with EP2 and/or EP4 receptor antagonists reduced the intercellular and cell surface uPA expression of the human lung fibroblasts. These results indicated that there is a relationship between the PGE2 system and uPA production in human lung fibroblasts operating through EP2 and/or EP4 receptor signalling. uPA induced by PGE2 from stromal fibroblasts surrounding lung tumour thus appears to play an important role through these EP receptors. Inhibition of EPs in tumour tissue might be a useful strategy for anti‐metastasis therapy.