Abstract
Centrifugal castings are produced by pouring liquid metal into rotating moulds. It solidifies under the influence of centrifugal forces, directed from the center to the periphery of the mould on account of mould rotation, and exhibits directionality in solidification which helps to eliminate voids and discontinuities in the resultant casting, usually encountered in gravity castings. Also, a compositional gradient is sat up in the melt which can be monitored, to produce functionally graded materials (FGMs) of choice with multi-functionality. The pouring rate, pouring temperature, mould temperature, and mould material can be suitably selected and altered in isolation or in combination, to generate a desired thermal gradient in the melt which decides its cooling rate. The cooling rate of the melt has the greatest impact on the grain structure of the casting. On the other hand, the grain structure of the casting governs its mechanical performance and decides the suitability for any specific end-use. Thus, different processing factors influence the characteristics of centrifugal casting. In the present article, a sincere attempt is made to analyze the effect of these factors and to enumerate the role played by each one of these factors in deciding the centrifugal casting characteristics.
Highlights
High standards of soundness of the casting, resulting from feeding under the influence of centrifugal force, constitute the chief characteristic of centrifugal casting method
The grainstructures, mechanical property enhancement, graded distribution of the second phase/inclusion etc. can all be tailored by manipulating various mould factors and processing factors associated with the production technique
The process is effectively used for production of Functionally graded materials (FGMs) which include different functionally graded metal matrix composites (FGMMCs) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]
Summary
High standards of soundness of the casting, resulting from feeding under the influence of centrifugal force, constitute the chief characteristic of centrifugal casting method. Despite continued efforts researchers have not been able to frame general rules to co-relate mould rotation and the resultant casting structure as influenced by the mould and processing factors such as, mould dimensions, mould rotational axis, mould materials, mould pre-heat temperature, speed of rotation of the mould, solidification rate, pouring temperature and composition of the liquid metal. In the casting of HSS rolls in centrifugal casting route, in particular, an increased solidification rate is adopted by suitably adjusting the above mentioned parameters so that the eutectic carbide grains are rendered fine and get uniformly distributed in the matrix [25] with the resultant advancement of its wear resistance and thermal fatigue properties. The present article is a sincere effort towards this end
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