Effect of processed Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) on some hematological indices and enzyme activities in selected rat tissues (1044.2)

Abstract

Trachurus trachurus, also called kote is a table fish. It contains some nutrients & bioactive compounds that are beneficial to human health. Processing methods may interfere with it's nutrients & are sources of reactive dicarbonyl compounds (RDCs) & polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Effect of processed kote fillet; skin, head & bones (SHB) on weaned male wistar rats (WMWR) were evaluated using standard methods. Five isocaloric/isonitrogenous diets were compounded containing soybean‐groundnut cake (positive control); 0% protein (negative control); poached, coal & wood smoked kote fillet & SHB. 40 WMWR (40.76±2.42g) were randomly divided to 8 groups & fed on one of the 5 diets for 14 days. Voluntary feed intake, weight gains & digestibility were recorded. Rats were sacrificed at end of the experiment. Individual blood samples were analyzed for full blood count, electrolytes, Cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (TGs), urea, Creatinine (CRT) & total proteins (TPs). Activities of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) & Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in the brain, liver, kidney, heart, stomach, small intestine (S.I) & spleen; Alanine transaminase (ALT) & Aspatate transaminase (AST) in liver & heart; Glucose (Gluc), Chol & CRT in brain. All data were subjected to analysis of variance by Duncan's multiple range test & considered significant at minimum of p < 0.05. Levels of red blood count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), Chol & TGs; AST, ALP, LDH & Gluc in liver, heart, kidney & brain were low (p<0.05) in rats fed test diets compared to the controls, but within accepted limit. Variations in serum electrolyte, TPs, CRT & urea were insignificant. Levels of ALT, LDH & CRT in kidney, stomach & S.I were high (p<0.05) compared to the controls, but within accepted limit. Overall coal smoked fillet & SHB aided growth in rats, followed by the wood smoked & poached diets at the expense of mild effects of high levels of RDC & PAHs on RBC & Hgb. Processed SHB could be a veritable source of valuable nutrients for human food & animal feed.Grant Funding Source: National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa