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Abstract
ABSTRACT Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is pivotal in creating functional prototypes and end-use parts, with Tough PLA emerging as a favored material due to its durability. However, fine-tuning printing process variables for Tough PLA on the Ultimaker 2 + 3D printer remains challenging. This study employs Taguchi Grey relational analysis to optimize these process variables. L09 Taguchi’s systematic approach and Taguchi Grey Relational Grade Analysis (TGRGA) investigated Layer Thickness (LT), Infill Density (ID), and Nozzle Temperature (NT) at varying levels for which response variables such as Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), Average hardness (AH), and Surface Roughness (Ra) are evaluated. Utilizing Taguchi Grey Relational Grade Analysis (TGRGA), enhancements in ultimate tensile strength from 43.182 N/mm2 to 46.56 N/mm2, average hardness from 64 to 67, and Surface roughness from 8.60 µm to 8.35 µm are achieved. This study contributes to advancing additive manufacturing optimization, offering insights into refining Tough PLA part production on the Ultimaker 2 + 3D printer for bio implants like stent application.
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