Abstract
Allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction triggered by specific cell or antibody-mediated immune mechanisms. Allergies have increased in industrialized countries in recent decades. The rise in allergic respiratory diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma (AA) is a potential threat to public health. Searches were conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline using the following key terms: allergic rhinitis OR asthma AND probiotics, allergic airway inflammation AND immune disorders, probiotics OR gut microbiota AND allergic disease, probiotics AND inflammatory. Studies from all years were included, specifically those published within the last 10 years. Some review articles and their reference lists were searched to identify related articles. The role of microbiota in respiratory allergic diseases has attracted more and more attention. Pieces of evidence suggested that the development of allergic diseases causes a possible imbalance in the composition of the gut microbiota. Compared to colonized mice, germ-free mice exhibit exaggerated allergic airway responses, suggesting that microbial host interactions play an important role in the development of allergic diseases. Probiotics modulate both the innate and adaptive inflammatory immune responses, often used as dietary supplements to provide health benefits in gastrointestinal disorders. Probiotics may serve as immunomodulators and activators of host defense pathways. Besides, oral probiotics can modulate the immune response in the respiratory system. Recently, studies in humans and animals have demonstrated the role of probiotic in RA and AA. To understand the characterization, microbiota, and the potential role of probiotics intervention of AA/AR, this review provides an overview of clinical features of AA and AR, probiotics for the prevention and treatment of AR, AA, changes in gut microbiota, and their mechanisms of action.
Highlights
Respiratory tract allergic disease includes allergic asthma (AA) and allergic rhinitis (AR)
The preventive effects of probiotics on allergic diseases have been reported, and there was considerable variation between these studies, the results suggested that probiotics have important clinical and immunological effects in the treatment of allergic rhinitis [48]
This study summarized the role of probiotics as an intervention or treatment for common allergic diseases
Summary
Respiratory tract allergic disease includes allergic asthma (AA) and allergic rhinitis (AR). Majority of asthma patients are atopic and have an allergic pattern of inflammation in their airways [6]. T lymphocytes play a very important role in coordinating the inflammatory response in asthma through the release of specific patterns of cytokines, resulting in the recruitment and survival of eosinophils and in the maintenance of a mast cell population in the airways [7]. Allergic Rhinitis is a Th2-driven, IgE-mediated disease, is characterized by mucosal inflammation, driven by activated immune cells. The cardinal features of allergic rhinitis include increased allergen-specific IgE concentrations to clinically relevant allergens, IgE-dependent activation of mast cells, and local eosinophilia in target organs. We discuss the characteristics of the microbiota in allergic airway inflammation (e.g., allergic rhinitis and asthma), the role of probiotics in experimental animal models and clinical studies
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
