Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Newborn Birth Weight for Mother with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or Overweight/Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Chun-Chi Wang,Chang-Hsien Lin,Yu-Tang Tung,Yang-Ching Chen,Hua-Ching Chang

doi:10.3390/nu12113477

Chun-Chi Wang, Chang-Hsien Lin + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113477

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Abstract

High birth weight indicates the future risk of obesity and increased fat mass in childhood. Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or overweight are powerful predictors of high birth weight. Studies on probiotic supplementation during pregnancy have reported its benefits in modulating gut microbiota composition and improving glucose and lipid metabolism in pregnant women. Therefore, probiotic intervention during pregnancy was proposed to interrupt the transmission of obesity from mothers to newborns. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effect of probiotic intervention in pregnant women with GDM or overweight on newborn birth weight. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases up to 18 December 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pregnant women with GDM or overweight who received probiotic intervention during pregnancy with those receiving placebo were eligible for the analysis. Newborn birth weights were pooled to calculate the mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Two reviewers assessed the trial quality and extracted data independently. Seven RCTs involving 1093 participants were included in the analysis. Compared with the placebo, probiotics had little effect on newborn birth weight of pregnant women with GDM or overweight (mean difference = −10.27, 95% CI = −90.17 to 69.63, p = 0.801). The subgroup analysis revealed that probiotic intake by women with GDM decreased newborn birth weight, whereas probiotic intake by obese pregnant women increased newborn birth weight. Thus, no evidence indicates that probiotic intake by pregnant women with GDM or overweight can control newborn birth weight.

Highlights

Childhood obesity is currently one of the most severe public health concerns, and it attracts extensive attention worldwide
182 articles were excluded for various reasons, leaving seven eligible articles involving 1093 participants, including 540 participants in the intervention group who took probiotics or synbiotics and 553 participants in the control group took a placebo
The meta-analysis included 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2014 and 2019, and their characteristics are listed in Table 1. 4 trials [38,43,45,46] within these 7 RCTs involved probiotic intake by pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

Summary

Introduction

Childhood obesity is currently one of the most severe public health concerns, and it attracts extensive attention worldwide. It is associated with a broad spectrum of adverse health outcomes. High birth weight is associated with a two-fold higher risk of obesity in both sexes and type 2 diabetes, in young male adults [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Maternal obesity and diabetes were the most potent predictors of childhood obesity [7,8,9,10], as women with obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a 1.73- and 2.19-fold higher risk, respectively, of having newborns with high birth weights compared with that of pregnant women with a healthy weight [11,12,13,14,15]. Several intervention strategies have been used, but an effective and robust method to stop obesity transmission from mothers to their offspring has not been established [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25]

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