Effect of Pr(NO3)3, Sm(NO3)3, and Gd(NO3)3 on Aqueous Solution Properties of Urea: A Volumetric, Viscometric, Surface Tension, and Friccohesity Study at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa

Abstract

Density, viscosity, surface tension, and friccohesity are reported for the hexahydrate nitrate salts of praseodymium, samarium, and gadolinium from 0.025 to 0.155 mol·kg−1 in water and in a 0.1 mol·kg−1 aqueous urea solution at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. From the densities, the apparent molar volumes, limiting apparent molar volumes, and apparent molar transfer volumes have been calculated as were viscosity B coefficients from the viscosities. These physicochemical parameters are discussed in terms of hydrogen bonding and ion–hydrophilic interactions. An attempt has thus been made to investigate the influence of urea on the interaction of lanthanide nitrates with water and the critical role being played by urea as a structure breaker.