Effect of Precipitation on the Process of Erosion in Lankaran Natural Area

Abstract

An intensive development of some agricultural areas and positive economic consequences were a reason for deterioration of the ecological state in the last 20-30 years. It should be noted that change of the ecological state, increase of the anthropogenic effect on the environment and global climate changes make necessary to protect the soils and from this point of view there is a great need to study the climatic factors in the formation of the erosion process. According to the comparative analysis it should be noted that an amount of the precipitation decreased 281,4 mm, but the average annual temperature increased 0,8-1,2°C in comparison with the average index of 1977. Though an amount of the rainfall decreases, the erosion process intensity and areal are rising in the region year after year. Its main reason is intensive shower precipitations in the autumn after dry summer, deforestation, the man’s incorrect farming activity. According to the conducted research in the pseudopodzole yellow soils it can be noted that the erosion process deteriorated physical characters of the soils. So, a bulk weight increased 0,12 g/cm3, special weight 0,15 g/cm3, but the porosity decreased 1,65% in the averagely eroded soils in comparison with the non-eroded soils. It is necessary to conduct zonal complex fight measures against erosion in order to achieve an intensive development of agriculture and to restore fertility, and in order to prevent from erosion process, to protect destruction of soil cover. It is necessary to pay attention to soil-climate condition, the factors that lead to the development of erosion, degree of soil erosion, farming direction while these measures are worked out and realized. All the measures against erosion protect the soil cover from leaching, destruction and it must be directed to improve fertility.