Effect of Prebiotic, Probiotic Bacteria and Symbiotic Diets Containing Bacillus Coagulans and Gum Arabic on Lipid Profile in Hypercholesterolemic Rats

Abstract

Purpose: Hypercholesterolemia is a major problem for many societies as well as for health professionals due to the close association between cardiovascular disease and lipid abnormalities. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of prebiotic, probiotic bacteria and symbiotic diets containing Bacillus Coagulans and Gum Arabic on lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic rats.
 Methodology: The spore suspension was prepared and Gum Arabic was purchased as the natural product. 35 male albino rats (170 ± 5 g) were fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet to induce hypercholesterolemia. The rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 7). The group 1: basal diet (negative control), and the other four groups were given hypercholesterolemia diet supplemented with 25% lard and 2% cholesterol for six weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia in rats. They were divided as follows: Group 2: (positive control), Group 3: fed a supplemented basal diet with 5% Gum Arabic (prebiotic), Group 4: fed a supplemented basal diet with coagulase spores, and group 5: fed a basal diet supplemented with 5% Gum Arabic and spores per day of B. coagulans (synbiotic).
 Results: The findings showed a significant increase in the levels of total cholesterol and triacylglycerol (mg/dL) (P<0.05) in (positive control) fed the basic diet (B.D.), compared to (negative control).
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Anti-Inflammatory Theory and The theory of using prebiotics to lower cholesterol and reduce its absorption. This study indicates that the theory used in the study has been validated. The best results that showed significant differences with the negative control group were achieved in the hypercholesterolemia groups treated with Gum Arabic (GA5%), where the highest mean value was recorded (28.54 ± 3.71 mg/dL), which was close to the negative control (36.33 ± 5.00 mg/dL). As for the groups that took B. coagulans and GA 5% + B. coagulans, a decrease in LDL-c, (VLDL-c), AST and AST levels, and the best result recorded was in the group GA 5% + B.coagulans. Histological examinations also showed that the liver sections in the fifth group showed a normal structure, except for slight degeneration of the liver cells. The best result was in the group of GA 5%+ B. coagulans treatment group compared to the other groups.