Effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with polyfunctional products on the chlorophyll and nitrogen content in winter wheat plants in the conditions of the Stavropol Territory

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with multifunctional preparations Icar Sids, Sprintalga and Microfol Combi, conducted at the experimental field and in the laboratory of the Department of Plant Physiology of the North Caucasian FNAC in 2018–2021. The soil of the experimental site is ordinary medium–sized low–humus heavy loamy black soil, with very low availability of mineral nitrogen, medium – mobile phosphorus, insufficient – exchange potassium. The weather of the research area characterized by large amplitude of annual fluctuations in air temperature and precipitation. Weather conditions in 2018–2021 differed, both in the amount of precipitation and in the temperature regime. Studies were carried out in order to identify the physiological features of grain harvest formation during pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with multifunctional preparations on ordinary black soil of the Central Caucasus. To achieve this goal, the chlorophyll content in the organs of winter wheat plants was studied by extracting pigments with 96 % ethyl alcohol, nitrogen content in plants, account­ing for yield and studying the structure of the crop. It was found that pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with multifunctional preparations contributed to an increase in the concentration of photosynthetic pigments in plant organs by 4.3–17.9 %, and also influenced the consumption of mineral elements, increasing the nitrogen content in plants by an average of 15.6–42 %, depending on the phase of wheat development, which ultimately led to an increase in yield by 0.22–0.37 t/ha. The cost of preparations used for pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds increased production costs by 167–349 rubles /ha, but due to the resulting crop increase, profit increased by 3099–4905 rubles /t, and the profitability of grain production by 9.2–14.1%.