Abstract
Abstract Membrane fouling is one of the most significant issues limiting the utilization of ultrafiltration (UF) technology in drinking water treatment. In this paper, UF system was used as an advanced treatment following the conventional sand filter process. The performance of membrane fouling control was investigated by using potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to oxidize UF influent, i.e. sand filter effluent. The optimal dosage of KMnO4 was 0.3 mg/L in terms of both permeate flux and product water quality in KMnO4/UF system. Membrane fouling was remarkably alleviated by KMnO4 pre-oxidation to transform characteristics of some organic pollutants. Scanning electron microscopy showed that loose fragments were formed on the filtration cake, which was easy to be removed by hydraulic washing, during the KMnO4/UF process. The increasing rate of transmembrane pressure was slower in KMnO4/UF system than that without being subjected to KMnO4 pre-oxidation. The pore sizes of the used membrane were found to be narrowe...
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