Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate beneficial effects of Pomegranate seeds oil (PSO), leaves (PL), juice (PJ) and (PP) on brain cholinesterase activity, brain oxidative stress and lipid profile in high-fat-high fructose diet (HFD) induced-obese rat.MethodsIn vitro and in vivo cholinesterase activity, brain oxidative status, body and brain weight and plasma lipid profile were measured in control rats, HFD-fed rats and HFD-fed rats treated by PSO, PL, PJ and PP.ResultsIn vitro study showed that PSO, PL, PP, PJ inhibited cholinesterase activity in dose dependant manner. PL extract displayed the highest inhibitory activity by IC50 of 151.85 mg/ml. For in vivo study, HFD regime induced a significant increase of cholinesterase activity in brain by 17.4% as compared to normal rats. However, the administration of PSO, PL, PJ and PP to HDF-rats decreased cholinesterase activity in brain respectively by 15.48%, 6.4%, 20% and 18.7% as compared to untreated HFD-rats. Moreover, HFD regime caused significant increase in brain stress, brain and body weight, and lipid profile disorders in blood. Furthermore, PSO, PL, PJ and PP modulated lipid profile in blood and prevented accumulation of lipid in brain and body evidenced by the decrease of their weights as compared to untreated HFD-rats. In addition administration of these extract protected brain from stress oxidant, evidenced by the decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Protein carbonylation (PC) levels and the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels.ConclusionThese findings highlight the neuroprotective effects of pomegranate extracts and one of mechanisms is the inhibition of cholinesterase and the stimulation of antioxidant capacity.
Highlights
Obesity is widely known as risk factor for diabetes [1], cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases [2,3,4] such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which is a the most prevalent form of dementia characterized by a progressive decline in memory, behavior, and cognitive functions in the elderly population [5]
Effect of Pomegranate seeds oil (PSO), Pomegranate leaves (PL), Pomegranate juice (PJ) and Pomegranate peel (PP) on Acetylcholinesterace Enzyme (AchE) activity in vitro The ability of different pomegranate extracts to inhibit AchE was evaluated by the widely accepted modified Ellman’s method and the results are summarized in the Table 1
Pomegranate juice was found to be the second stronger inhibitor with IC50 value of 181.52 mg/ml followed by PSO, which exhibited moderate AchE inhibition
Summary
Obesity is widely known as risk factor for diabetes [1], cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases [2,3,4] such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which is a the most prevalent form of dementia characterized by a progressive decline in memory, behavior, and cognitive functions in the elderly population [5]. Different pomegranate parts have been known as an arsenal of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, anthocyanins, vitamins and minerals [23, 24] This richness attributed to them a power antioxidant activity and protective effects against major chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer and Alzheimer [1, 25,26,27,28]. To fill the information gap, we designed this study to investigate whether consumption of pomegranate parts: oil seeds (PSO), juice (PJ), peel (PP) and leaves (PL) would alleviate oxidative status and cognitive decline in HFD-induced obesity rat model. To investigate beneficial effects of Pomegranate seeds oil (PSO), leaves (PL), juice (PJ) and (PP) on brain cholinesterase activity, brain oxidative stress and lipid profile in high-fat-high fructose diet (HFD) induced-obese rat
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