Abstract
Excess caloric intake and body fat accumulation lead to obesity, a complex chronic disease that represents a significant public health problem due to the health-related risk factors. There is growing evidence showing that maternal obesity can program the offspring, which influences neonatal phenotype and predispose offspring to metabolic disorders such as obesity. This increased risk may also be epigenetically transmitted across generations. Thus, there is an imperative need to find effective reprogramming approaches in order to resume normal fetal development. Polyphenols are bioactive compounds found in vegetables and fruits that exert its anti-obesity effect through its powerful anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Polyphenol supplementation has been proven to counteract the prejudicial effects of maternal obesity programming on progeny. Indeed, some polyphenols can cross the placenta and protect the fetal predisposition against obesity. The present review summarizes the effects of dietary polyphenols on obesity-induced maternal reprogramming as an offspring anti-obesity approach.
Highlights
Excess caloric intake and body fat accumulation lead to obesity
Obesity has a multifactorial etiology and involves an interaction between genetic and environmental factors [2]. It is characterized as white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion, and in general results from an energy imbalance as a result of an increase in caloric intake coupled with a decrease in daily energy spending [3,4]
The hyperplasia or hypertrophy of adipocytes caused by an accumulation of triacylglycerols leads to an expansion of body fat deposits and an increase in the concentrations of free circulating fatty acids, peptides, inflammatory cytokines, and adipokines, resulting in metabolic disorders such as hepatic steatosis, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and dyslipidemia, conditions that contribute to the cardiometabolic risk [5,6]
Summary
Excess caloric intake and body fat accumulation lead to obesity. Obesity is considered as one of the main public health problems worldwide, and affects industrialized nations, and developing countries. Obesity has a multifactorial etiology and involves an interaction between genetic and environmental factors [2] It is characterized as white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion, and in general results from an energy imbalance as a result of an increase in caloric intake coupled with a decrease in daily energy spending [3,4]. In animal models, high fat diet (HFD) intake during the pregnancy may predispose offspring to postnatal metabolic inflammatory disorders such as obesity. In this sense, the well-known anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenols could be considered as a reprogramming strategy against maternal obesity-induced adversities. The present review summarizes the effects of dietary polyphenols on obesity-induced maternal reprogramming as an offspring anti-obesity approach
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