Abstract
Light activated resin-based composites are the most accepted and used materials among clinicians. The aim of this study is to determine the amount of residual monomer released from nanofiller composite resins for different polymerization times and storage periods in vitro. To this purpose, Tetric Ceram (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein), Clearfil Majesty Posterior (Kuraray, Japan), Grandio (VOCO, Germany), and Filtek Ultimate Universal (3M, USA) were used as nanofiller resin composites samples. Four groups ( n = 40 , diameter: 5 mm, thickness: 2 mm) of each material were fabricated, and each group was exposed to three different polymerization time (10, 20 and 40 sec). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the amount of monomers released over 1, 15, and 30 days. The highest amount of monomer release was seen in Tetric EvoCream composite, while the least monomer release was seen in Clearfil Majesty composite. Regardless of the polymerization time, material, or storage period, the highest amount of eluted monomer was Bis-GMA. It is observed that there is no statistically significant difference between various polymerization times. Monomer release reached its highest level on the 15th day and decreased on the 30th day for all composites. Polymerization time did not affect the monomer release from the composites, but the type of the monomers and concentration of the filler used in the composites affected the amount of released monomers. The use of TEGDMA (co)monomer reduced the monomer release.
Highlights
Methacrylate-based polymers have different uses in the human body, one of which is dental composites
Dental composites are stabilized by forming polymer networks
The results show that the highest value of BisGMA monomer is released from Tetric EvoCream, the second highest value of it from Grandio
Summary
Methacrylate-based polymers have different uses in the human body, one of which is dental composites. Dental composites are stabilized by forming polymer networks. Chemical crosslinking provides mechanical stability and insolubility of the polymer by restricting the movement of the chain. It improves the mechanical properties of hydrogels [3]. The main organic components such as bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), methacrylate 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and ethoxylated bisphenol A-dimethacrylate (Bis-EMA) crosslink with smaller monomers to form a solid polymer network during polymerization [4]. TEGDMA is a diluent that increases fluidity and decreases viscosity, providing higher inorganic content in the resin It reduces glass transition temperatures, mesh stiffness, and increases polymer conversion rate [6]. Incomplete polymerization relates to some factors such as light intensity, curing time, and material thickness [11]
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