Effect of Polymeric Binders on the Sodium-Ion Storage Performance of Positive and Negative Electrode Materials

Abstract

After several years, research progress on sodium-ion batteries has reached an advanced level pertaining to electrodes. But the progress in the advancement of sodium-ion batteries is also accompanied by the other external factors of electrodes such as binder, electrolyte, and conducting additives. This chapter focuses on the effect of various binders affecting the performance of anode and cathode materials. Similar to the graphite anode in a lithium-ion battery, hard carbon is a widely accepted anode material for sodium-ion batteries. Initially, the PVDF binder is used along with the electroactive hard-carbon anode. But the use of the polyvinylidene fluoride binder exhibits poor reversibility when compared to sodium carboxy methyl cellulose. Polytetrafluoroethylene is also a type of fluoropolymer formed by the polymerization of tetrafluoroethene molecules, which is also known as Teflon. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is a cellulose-derived polymer with carboxymethyl groups bonded to hydroxyl groups, which make the cellulose backbone.