Abstract
Poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) (P(AM-co-AA)) was synthesized via the copolymerization of acrylamide and acrylic acid and well characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Afterward, the obtained P(AM-co-AA) was blended with flame retardants to prepare transparent flame-retardant hydrogel applied in the fireproof glass. The influence of poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) on fire resistance and anti-aging properties of the transparent flame-retardant hydrogels were studied by assorted analysis methods. The optical transparency analysis shows that the light transmittance of the transparent flame-retardant hydrogel gradually decreases with the decreasing mass ratio of acrylamide to acrylic acid in P(AM-co-AA). Heat insulation testing shows that the heat insulation performance of fireproof glass applying the transparent flame-retardant hydrogel firstly decreases and then increases with decreasing mass ratio of acrylamide to acrylic acid in P(AM-co-AA). When the mass ratio of acrylamide to acrylic acid is 1:2, the obtained P(AM-co-AA) endows the resulting flame-retardant hydrogel applied in fireproof glass with the lowest light transmittance of 81.3% and lowest backside temperature of 131.4 °C at 60 min among the samples, which is attributed to the formation of a more dense and expanded char to prevent the heat transfer during combustion, as supported by the digital photos of char residues. The results of TG analysis indicate that P(AM-co-AA) imparts high thermal stability to the resulting hydrogels due to the hydrogen bonds between carboxyl and amide groups. The accelerated aging test shows that the transparent flame-retardant hydrogel containing P(AM-co-AA) is less affected by aging conditions. Especially, when the mass ratio of acrylamide to acrylic acid in P(AM-co-AA) is 4:1, the resulting transparent flame-retardant hydrogel shows a light transmittance of 82.9% and backside temperature of 173.1 °C at 60 min after 7 aging cycles, exhibiting the best comprehensive properties among the samples.
Highlights
Fire is a major threat to business, commerce, and society, in which building fires with the highest proportion feature rapid fire development and difficult fire fighting and rescue
Magnesium chloride, urea, and other flame retardants were incorporated into the obtained P(AM-co-AA) to prepare transparent flame-retardant hydrogels applied in fireproof glass
The results reveal that the light transmittance of the hydrogel decreases continuously with the increase of acrylic acid fragments in P(AMco-AA)
Summary
Fire is a major threat to business, commerce, and society, in which building fires with the highest proportion feature rapid fire development and difficult fire fighting and rescue. The multifunctionality and complexity of buildings increase the building fire risk, which calls for building fire defenses to reduce fire losses. Passive fire defenses such as fire barriers have demonstrated success in reducing fire losses by delaying or preventing products of combustion from propagating into an adjacent space. To ensure the fire resistance of fire barriers structures and buildings, the installation of fireproof glass at the openings of fire doors and windows is necessary to inhibit the entrance of fire, heat, and smoke into the adjacent spaces, according to GB50016-2018 and ISO 9051-2001 [3,4]
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