Abstract
BackgroundIn vivo studies showing the effects of biologic healing-promoting factors on tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair have focused only on biologic healing-promoting factors and have not taken into consideration the effect of the carrier vehicle. Moreover, most studies have evaluated the healing process using different carrier vehicles, each of which may have specific effects on tendon healing. This may explain the large variability seen in outcomes in research studies. In this study, we investigated the effects of Poloxamer 407 as a carrier vehicle on rotator cuff healing at the repair site and compared it with those of a collagen sponge, which is a commonly used carrier vehicle.MethodsFifty-seven adult male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent detachment and immediate repair of the bilateral supraspinatus tendons. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups: repair only, repair with collagen sponge, and repair with Poloxamer 407. The repairs were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery with histological analysis and biomechanical testing.ResultsAt 4 weeks, more cellular organization, a greater number of collagen fibers, and increased maturity of collagen fibers were observed in the repair with Poloxamer 407 group than in the other groups. The repair with collagen sponge group had delayed development and collagen fiber maturation. Significant differences in the biomechanical properties were found between groups at 4 weeks. Stiffness in the case of the repair with Poloxamer 407 group was significantly higher than that in the repair with collagen sponge group. The modulus was significantly lower in the repair with collagen sponge group than in the repair only group. However, the use of Poloxamer 407 versus the collagen sponge did not significantly affect the biomechanical properties of the repaired tendons at 8 weeks.ConclusionsCarrier vehicles may have differing effects at the early stages of rotator cuff healing. The use of Poloxamer 407 as a carrier vehicle may be useful for promoting the early stages of healing and for maintaining the initial biomechanical properties of the repaired rotator cuff tendon.
Highlights
In vivo studies showing the effects of biologic healing-promoting factors on tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair have focused only on biologic healing-promoting factors and have not taken into consideration the effect of the carrier vehicle
* Correspondence: singsingkr@yahoo.co.kr 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, 948-1, Daerim-1 Dong, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 150-950, South Korea Full list of author information is available at the end of the article growth factors, mesenchymal stem cells, platelet-rich plasma, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), has been tested in animals [11,12]. These biologic healing-promoting factors have been delivered through various carrier vehicles such as type I collagen sponge, fibrin glue, and hyaluronan sponge to increase their retention at the repair site, localize tissue repair, and, in some instances, provide a scaffold for cellular ingrowth [10,13]
We aimed to investigate the effects of a carrier vehicle on rotator cuff healing at the repair site by using Poloxamer 407 and a collagen sponge, both of which are commonly used as carrier vehicles
Summary
In vivo studies showing the effects of biologic healing-promoting factors on tendon-to-bone healing after rotator cuff repair have focused only on biologic healing-promoting factors and have not taken into consideration the effect of the carrier vehicle. Most studies have evaluated the healing process using different carrier vehicles, each of which may have specific effects on tendon healing This may explain the large variability seen in outcomes in research studies. The healing capacity of various factors, including In animal studies, these biologic healing-promoting factors have been delivered through various carrier vehicles such as type I collagen sponge, fibrin glue, and hyaluronan sponge to increase their retention at the repair site, localize tissue repair, and, in some instances, provide a scaffold for cellular ingrowth [10,13]. Studies have evaluated the healing process using different carrier vehicles, each of which may have specific effects on tendon healing and lead to a large variability in outcomes
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