Effect of Pluronic P85 on Amino Acid Transport in Bovine Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells

Abstract

A synthetic amphiphilic block copolymer Pluronic P85 (P85) was shown to be among the most potent inhibitors of Pgp efflux system in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and capable of enhancing delivery of Pgp substrates to the brain. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effects of P85 on amino acid transport in BBB. Primary bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells (BBMEC) grown on membrane inserts were used as an in vitro BBB model. Expression of amino acid transporters, like large neutral amino acid transporter 1, cationic amino acid transporter 1, and small neutral amino acid transporter 1, were confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Effects of P85 on amino acid transporters were examined using their substrates: (3)H-phenylalanine, (3)H-lysine, and (3)H-methylaminoisobutyric acid, respectively. BBMEC permeability studies were carried out in apical (AP) to basolateral (BL) and BL to AP directions. P85 added at the AP side had little, if any, effect on AP to BL ("blood to brain") transport for all examined amino acids in BBMEC monolayers. However, 0.1% P85 added at the BL side significantly increased the BL to AP transport of these substrates. Furthermore, the effective concentrations of P85 were also shown to induce plasma membrane depolarization and increase intracellular sodium concentration in BBMEC, which can contribute to the effects of the copolymer on the energy-dependent transport systems. All together, despite profound effects on transport system(s) at the brain side of cell monolayers, P85 had no effect on AP to BL transport of amino acids in brain microvessel endothelial cell model.