Abstract
It was recently reported that implant osseointegration is affected by surface wettability. The relationship between hydrophilicity and cell adhesion was corroborated by numerous in vivo studies. Concentrated alkali improves the biocompatibility of pure titanium. Research was conducted on the mechanism by which this treatment increases hydrophilicity. In the present study, we used atmospheric pressure plasma processing to enhance the hydrophilicity of the material surface. The aim was to assess its influences on the initial adhesion of the material to rat bone marrow and subsequent differentiation into hard tissue. Superhydrophilicity was induced on a pure titanium surface with a piezobrush, a simple, compact alternative to the conventional atmospheric pressure plasma device. No structural change was confirmed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) or scanning probe microscopy (SPM) observation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis presented with hydroxide formation and a reduction in the C peak. A decrease in contact angle was also observed. The treated samples had higher values for in vitro bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption, rat bone marrow (RBM) cell initial adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) activity tests, and factors related to bone differentiation than the untreated control. The present study indicated that the induction of superhydrophilicity in titanium via atmospheric pressure plasma treatment with a piezobrush affects RBM cell adhesion and bone differentiation without altering surface properties.
Highlights
Concerted efforts are being made among material scientists and clinicians worldwide to improve the performance of dental implants by accelerating and maintaining their integration into hard and soft tissues and/or expanding their coverage [1]
Vandrovcova et al reported that surface-modifying materials could substantially improve cell adhesion, growth, and osteogenic differentiation
The aim of this study was to establish whether Rat bone marrow (RBM) cells respond differently to titanium that have undergone surface modification by plasma treatment
Summary
Concerted efforts are being made among material scientists and clinicians worldwide to improve the performance of dental implants by accelerating and maintaining their integration into hard and soft tissues and/or expanding their coverage [1]. The surface properties of the implant material affect the speed and extent of its osseointegration. Vandrovcova et al reported that surface-modifying materials could substantially improve cell adhesion, growth, and osteogenic differentiation. In this way, they could promote implant integration into bone and maintain its secondary stability [2]. Osseointegration is the rapid, direct incorporation of bone into an implant. It is an important factor in functional implant loading. Several approaches and strategies have been devised to enhance osseointegration and stabilize implants [3,4] For example, chemical or mechanical abrasion of the implant surface significantly improved bone bonding [5,6,7] compared to untreated implant surfaces
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