Abstract
In order to study the effects of plant density on agronomical and morphologic characteristics which are related to the lodging in rice varieties, an experiment was carried out in 2008 in split plot in randomized complete block design based on 4 replications in Iran. In this experiment, five rice varieties of Tarom (Local, Hashemi, Dilamani, Langhrodi and Sangh) were chosen as main factors and three plant density levels (40, 80, and 120 bushes per m²) as sub-factors. The results showed that Langhrodi Tarom had minimum total number of spikelets and number of hollow spikelets per panicle and minimum tiller per bush and number of panicles per m² had seen sequentially in Local Tarom and Sangh Tarom. The shortest length of first, second, and third inter-nodes, longest diagonal of the third inter-node and minimum plant height obtained for Langhrodi Tarom. Number of node and length of first, second and third inter-node and diagonal of the forth inter-node and Stem tension to lodging in third and forth inter-node decreased as plant density increased. Minimum lodging index of the third and forth inter-node came out at 80 bushes per m². Interaction effects in plant density had significant effects on all parameters except panicle number per m².
Highlights
Lodging is one of the important environmental factors for limiting of having the maximum grain yield in cereal such as rice (Setter et al, 1997)
3.1 The effect of variety and interaction effect of variety × plant density over morphological treats and yield components As it is seen in the diagram 1, plant height was significant under the effect of variety and interaction effect of variety × plant density in 1% probability level
Maximum total number of tiller per bush under the interaction effects of variety × plant density was for Dilamani Tarom with 40 bushes per M2 and minimum of that was for Langhrodi Tarom with 120 bushes per M2 (Table 3)
Summary
Lodging is one of the important environmental factors for limiting of having the maximum grain yield in cereal such as rice (Setter et al, 1997). Increasing of the lodging humidity in a canopy, prepares the conditions of illness expanding and growth of fungus, which is the limiting factor for constructing and qualification of the seeds (Kono, 1995). In those plants which have faced lodging, it is possible that some kinds of seeds, that have a weak dormancy, can germinate on the panicle of main bush. With increasing of planting-density, in spite of the reduction of total number of tiller and effective tiller per bush, because of the increasing of the stem per square meter; number of panicle in M2 and grain yield were increased. According to the importance of plant density on yield and yield components and extreme role of lodging on agronomical characteristics of the rice an experiment was conducted for study effects of plant density on the morphological and yield components characteristics of lodging in 5 varieties of rice
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