Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of local application of essential oil of Pistacia atlantica kurdica (EOK) gel in treatment of experimentally induced periodontitis in rats and its effect on osteoclastogenic bone markers. Twenty-four male Wistar rats of 250 to 350 g were used in this study and were allocated into four groups. Control negative (without induced periodontitis), control positive (induced experimental periodontitis left without treatment), treatment control (induced experimental periodontitis and treated with Chlorhexidine gel) and EOK treated group (induced experimental periodontitis treated with EOK gel). The animals were sacrificed after 30 days, and the mandibular central incisor and surrounding tissue were dissected from the mandible and further processed for preparing H&E slides. Inflammatory cells, osteoclast cells, and periodontal ligament (PDL) were examined and measured histologically. Finally, the mean concentrations of both markers, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and (Interleukin-1β) IL-1β, were analyzed by ELISA. A significant reduction of inflammatory reaction and osteoclast numbers with improvement of PDL and low mean concentrations of RANKL and IL-1β were seen in the EOK treated group in comparison to the control group and the chlorhexidine group as well. The extract showed a protective effect in the healing of periodontitis that had been induced in rats and decreased bone resorption by down regulation of serum RANKL and IL-1β markers.
Highlights
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting structure
G andininset, the arrows), higherd.magnification of inflammatory ligament space is filled with disorganized fiber and proliferating periodontal ligament tissue that cells infiltration, disorganized bone trabeculae (BT) and irregular bone surface with a presence of has not attached to the cementum
Our histological findings showed that the extract of essential oil of P. atlantica gum improved the damage associated with ligation and Porphyromonas gingivalis injection and decreased loss of alveolar bone, at the same time improving the periodontal ligament (PDL) thickness about 8.67 folds compared to the control positive group that exhibited marked alveolar bone loss and disruption of the periodontal tissues, and marked damage to the PDL of about (30.43 ± 1.30)
Summary
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting structure. It causes inflammatory cell infiltration followed by destruction of the connective tissue, cementum, bone, and the formation of periodontal pockets [1,2]. The inflammation causes vasodilatation, edema, infiltration by inflammatory cells and the release of a group of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β). This process promoted an alveolar bone resorption, which could result in tooth loss [4]. Alveolar bone loss serves as a cardinal pathological and clinical feature for periodontitis. Bone is a dynamic structure that is remodeled continuously.
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